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Seismic retrofit of existing SRC frames using rocking walls and steel dampers

Akira WADA, Zhe QU, Shojiro MOTOYUI, Hiroyasu SAKATA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 259-266 doi: 10.1007/s11709-011-0114-x

摘要： A retrofit of an existing 11-story steel reinforced concrete frame that features the innovative use of post-tensioned rocking walls and shear steel dampers is presented. The main components of the retrofitting plan and important design considerations are described. The retrofitting system is expected to effectively control the deformation pattern of the existing structure and significantly reduce damage to the existing structure during major earthquakes.

关键词： building structure     seismic retrofit     rocking wall     steel damper    

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Heat Integration retrofit analysis—an oil refinery case study by Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram

Andreja NEMET, Jiří Jaromír KLEMEŠ, Petar Sabev VARBANOV, Valter MANTELLI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第2期   页码 163-182 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1520-8

摘要： Heat Integration has been established over the last decades as a proven chemical engineering methodology. Two design implementations are often used in the industry: grassroots and retrofit. Although various methods have been developed for retrofit, it still needs more development to ensure simultaneously thermodynamic feasibility and economic viability. In this paper, a novel graphical approach has been developed to facilitate the understanding of the current situation and scope of improvement. The Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram presents all streams and heat exchangers in temperature scale and the heat exchangers are clearly separated from each other, enabling clear visualisation of the current state. The tool incorporates the previously developed Cross-Pinch Analysis as well as path approach for retrofit. Additionally, the non-vertical heat transfer can be evaluated. The application of the developed tool has been validated on an oil refinery case study. The applicability of the tool is evident as it can reveal additional options for modification that none of the previous methods considered.

关键词： Heat Integration     retrofit     Pinch Analysis     thermodynamic approach     oil refinery    

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A multi-objective design method for seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames using

Yue CHEN; Rong XU; Hao WU; Tao SHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1089-1103 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0851-z

摘要： Over the past several decades, a variety of technical ways have been developed in seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames (RFs). Among them, pin-supported rocking walls (PWs) have received much attentions to researchers recently. However, it is still a challenge that how to determine the stiffness demand of PWs and assign the value of the drift concentration factor (DCF) for entire systems rationally and efficiently. In this paper, a design method has been exploited for seismic retrofitting of existing RFs using PWs (RF-PWs) via a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. Then, the method has been investigated and verified through a practical project. Finally, a parametric analysis was executed to exhibit the strengths and working mechanism of the multi-objective design method. To sum up, the findings of this investigation show that the method furnished in this paper is feasible, functional and can provide adequate information for determining the stiffness demand and the value of the DCF for PWs. Furthermore, it can be applied for the preliminary design of these kinds of structures.

关键词： pin-supported rocking wall     reinforced concrete frame     seismic retrofit     stiffness demand     drift concentration factor     multi-objective design     genetic algorithm     Pareto optimal solution    

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Automated retrofit targeting of heat exchanger networks

Timothy G. Walmsley, Nathan S. Lal, Petar S. Varbanov, Jiří J. Klemeš

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 630-642 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1747-2

摘要：

The aim of this paper is to develop a novel heat exchanger network (HEN) retrofit method based on a new automated retrofit targeting (ART) algorithm. ART uses the heat surplus-deficit table (HSDT) in combination with the Bridge Retrofit concepts to generate retrofit bridges option, from which a retrofit design may be formulated. The HSDT is a tabular tool that shows potential for improved re-integration of heat source and sink streams within a HEN. Using the HSDT, retrofit bridges—a set of modifications that links a cooler to a heater to save energy—may be identified, quantified, and compared. The novel retrofit method including the ART algorithm has been successfully implemented in Microsoft ExcelTM to enable analysis of large-scale HENs. A refinery case study with 27 streams and 46 existing heat exchangers demonstrated the retrofit method’s potential. For the case study, the ART algorithm found 68903 feasible unique retrofit opportunities with a minimum 400 kW·unit−1 threshold for heat recovery divided by the number of new units. The most promising retrofit project required 3 new heat exchanger units to achieve a heat savings of 4.24 MW with a favorable annualised profit and a reasonable payback period.

关键词： process retrofit     pinch analysis     heat exchanger network     heat recovery    

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既有居住建筑节能改造外部性及其量化研究

赵琰,刘晓君

《中国工程科学》 2014年 第16卷 第10期   页码 100-105

摘要：

既有商品住宅节能改造具有一定程度的外部性，阻碍了节能改造的深入开展。通过分析节能改造外部性的产生原因和外部性表现，建立外部性测算方法，为外部性内部化，构建节能改造外部性偿还机制提供必要依据。采用经济学理论与方法对既有商品住宅节能改造外部性的产生和表现等进行了分析，在识别外部性供体与受体的基础上，提出了节能改造外部性的测算方法。通过案例分析论证了外部性测算方法的适用性。结果表明，应减轻或消除外部性对节能改造的影响，采取必要手段将节能改造外部性内部化，构建统一的节能改造外部性测算方法，建立节能改造外部性偿还与节能量交易机制。

关键词： 既有商品住宅     节能改造     外部性     测算    

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Effect of strata restraint on seismic performance of prefabricated sidewall joints in fabricated subway

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 763-779 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0917-6

摘要： A disadvantage of the conventional quasi-static test method is that it does not consider the soil restraint effect. A new method to test the seismic performance of prefabricated specimens for underground assembled structures is proposed, which can realistically reflect the strata restraint effect on the underground structure. Laboratory work combined with finite element (FE) analysis is performed in this study. Three full-scale sidewall specimens with different joint forms are designed and fabricated. Indices related to the seismic performance and damage modes are analyzed comprehensively to reveal the mechanism of the strata restraint effect on the prefabricated sidewall components. Test results show that the strata restraint effect effectively improves the energy dissipation capacity, load-bearing capacity, and the recoverability of the internal deformation of the precast sidewall components. However, the strata restraint effect reduces the ductility of the precast sidewall components and aggravates the shear and bending deformations in the core region of the connection joints. Additionally, the strata restraint effect significantly affects the seismic performance and damage mode of the prefabricated sidewall components. An FE model that can be used to conduct a seismic performance study of prefabricated specimens for underground assembled structures is proposed, and its feasibility is verified via comparison with test data.

关键词： underground structures     precast sidewall specimen     seismic test method     bearing capacity     energy dissipation capacity     plastic deformation    

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Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 1133-1144 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0959-9

摘要： Sustainable structures are critical for addressing global climate change. Hence, their structural resilience or ability to recover from natural events must be considered comprehensively. Green roofs are a widely used sustainable feature that improve the environment while providing excellent occupant amenity. To expand their usage, their inherent damping and layout sensitivity to seismic performance are investigated in this study. The soil of a green roof can serve as a damper to dissipate the energy generated by earthquakes or other dynamic events. Results of preliminary analysis show that a green roof soil can increase localized damping by 2.5% under both dry and saturated conditions. Based on these findings, nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted on a three-story building in SAP2000 to monitor the structural behavior with and without a green roof. The increased damping in the green roof soil is beneficial to the structural performance, i.e., it reduces the building displacement and acceleration by 10% and 12%, respectively. Additionally, certain configurations are more effective and beneficial to the structural response than others, which suggests the possibility of design optimization. Based on the findings of this study, new methods of modeling and considering green roofs in structural design are established.

关键词： green infrastructure     green roof     structural resilience     seismic design    

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Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》   页码 855-869 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0972-z

摘要： Seismic analysis of historical masonry bridges is important for authorities in all countries hosting such cultural heritage assets. The masonry arch bridge investigated in this study was built during the Roman period and is on the island of Rhodes, in Greece. Fifteen seismic records were considered and categorized as far-field, pulse-like near-field, and non-pulse-like near-field. The earthquake excitations were scaled to a target spectrum, and nonlinear time-history analyses were performed in the transverse direction. The performance levels were introduced based on the pushover curve, and the post-earthquake damage state of the bridge was examined. According to the results, pulse-like near-field events are more damaging than non-pulse-like near-field ground motions. Additionally the bridge is more vulnerable to far-field excitations than near-field events. Furthermore, the structure will suffer extensive post-earthquake damage and must be retrofitted.

关键词： masonry arch bridges     seismic behavior     modal properties     pulse-like records     nonlinear time history analysis    

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Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第1期   页码 117-130 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0788-7

摘要： Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment. Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature, no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete. In particular, the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete, which is required for various structural applications, such as limit state design formulation, reliability-based structural analysis, etc., has so far not attracted the attention of researchers. This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-, flexural- and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate. Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments. In addition, the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building, considering the proposed distribution model. The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.

关键词： waste copper slag     quantification of variability     goodness-of-fit test     seismic risk assessment     PSDM    

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Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 44-52 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0138-x

摘要： Ground motion intensity measures are usually used to predict the earthquake-induced displacements in earth dams, soil slopes and soil structures. In this study, the efficiency of various single ground motion intensity measures (scalar ) or a combination of them (vector ) are investigated using the PEER-NGA strong motion database and an equivalent-linear sliding-mass model. Although no single intensity measure is efficient enough for all slope conditions, the spectral acceleration at 1.5 times of the initial slope period and Arias intensity of the input motion are found to be the most efficient scalar for flexible slopes and stiff slopes respectively. Vector can incorporate different characteristics of the ground motion and thus significantly improve the efficiency over a wide range of slope conditions. Among various vector considered, the spectral accelerations at multiple spectral periods achieve high efficiency for a wide range of slope conditions. This study provides useful guidance to the development of more efficient empirical prediction models as well as the ground motion selection criteria for time domain analysis of seismic slope displacements.

关键词： seismic slope displacements     intensity measures     empirical prediction    

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Experiment and calculation on seismic behavior of RC composite core walls with concealed steel truss

Wanlin CAO , Weihua CHANG , Changjun ZHAO , Jianwei ZHANG ,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 255-261 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0043-0

摘要： To improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete core walls, reinforced concrete composite core walls with concealed steel truss were proposed and systemically investigated. Two 1/6 scale core wall specimens, including a normal reinforced concrete core wall and a reinforced concrete composite core wall with concealed steel truss, were designed. The experimental study on seismic performance under cyclic loading was carried out. The load-carrying capacity, stiffness, ductility, hysteretic behavior and energy dissipation of the core walls were discussed. The test results showed that the seismic performance of core walls is improved greatly by the concealed steel truss. The calculated results were found to agree well with the actual measured ones.

关键词： reinforced concrete     steel truss     core walls     seismic performance    

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Finite element analysis on the seismic behavior of side joint of Prefabricated Cage System in prefabricated

Yunlin LIU, Shitao ZHU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期   页码 1095-1104 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0538-2

摘要： The Prefabricated Cage System (PCS) has the advantages of high bearing capacity and good ductility. Meanwhile, it is convenient for factory production and it is beneficial to the cost savings, construction period shortening. Side joint is the weak region of PCS concrete frame and has great influence on seismic behavior of the whole structure. Thus systematically study on the seismic behavior of PCS concrete side joint is necessary. This paper presents a finite element study on behavior of the side joint under seismic loading. In the finite element model, PCS concrete and the reinforced concrete (RC) is modeled by the solid element and fiber-beam element, respectively. The numerical results is compared with the experimental results and it is found that the results of model based on fiber-beam element is in better agreement with the experimental results than solid element model. In addition, the overall seismic behavior of the side joints in PCS concrete is better than that of the RC with the same strength.

关键词： PCS concrete side joint     numerical simulation     fiber-beam element joint model     solid element joint model     seismic behavior    

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Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinear

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 275-303 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0685-0

摘要： Site conditions, including geotechnical properties and the geological setting, influence the near-surface response of strata subjected to seismic excitation. The geotechnical parameters required for the design of foundations include mass density ( ), damping ratio ( ), shear wave velocity ( ), and soil shear modulus ( ). The values of the last three parameters are sensitive to the level of nonlinear strain induced in the strata due to seismic ground motion. In this study, the effect of variations in soil properties, such as plasticity index ( ), effective stress ( ), over consolidation ratio (OCR), impedance contrast ratio ( ) between the bedrock and the overlying strata, and depth of soil strata over bedrock ( ), on seismic design parameters ( , , and ) was investigated for National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP) site classes C and D, through 1D nonlinear seismic site response analysis. The Morris one-at-a-time (OAT) sensitivity analysis indicated that , , and were significantly influenced by variations in , while affected more than it affected and . However, the influence of on these parameters was less significant. It was also found that variations in soil properties influenced seismic design parameters in soil type D more significantly than in soil type C. Predictive relationships for , , and were derived based on the 1D seismic site response analysis and sensitivity analysis results. The , , and values obtained from the analysis were compared with the corresponding values in NEHRP to determine the similarities and differences between the two sets of values. The need to incorporate and in the metrics for determining , , and for the seismic design of foundations was highlighted.

关键词： site effects     1D seismic site response analysis     sensitivity analysis     foundations     shear wave velocity     soil shear modulus    

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A hybrid LQR-PID control design for seismic control of buildings equipped with ATMD

Amir Hossein HEIDARI, Sadegh ETEDALI, Mohamad Reza JAVAHERI-TAFTI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 44-57 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0382-6

摘要： This paper presents an efficient hybrid control approach through combining the idea of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control algorithm. The proposed LQR-PID controller, while having the advantage of the classical PID controller, is easy to implement in seismic-excited structures. Using an optimization procedure based on a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm, the LQR-PID controller is designed for a seismic- excited structure equipped with an active tuned mass damper (ATMD). Considering four earthquakes, the performance of the proposed LQR-PID controller is evaluated. Then, the results are compared with those given by a LQR controller. The simulation results indicate that the LQR-PID performs better than the LQR controller in reduction of seismic responses of the structure in the terms of displacement and acceleration of stories of the structure.

关键词： seismic control     tuned mass dampers     cuckoo search     PID controller     LQR controller    

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Investigation of the seismic behavior of grouted sandy gravel foundations using shaking table tests

Tiancheng WANG; Yu LIANG; Xiaoyong ZHANG; Zhihuan RUAN; Guoxiong MEI

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1196-1211 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0865-6

摘要： Sandy gravel foundations exhibit non-linear dynamic behavior when subjected to strong ground motions, which can have amplification effects on superstructures and can reveal insufficient lateral resistance of foundations. Grouting methods can be used to improve the seismic performance of natural sandy gravel foundations. The strength and stiffness of grouted sandy gravel foundations are different from those of natural foundations, which have unknown earthquake resistance. Few studies have investigated the seismic behavior of sandy gravel foundations before and after grouting. In this study, two shaking table tests were performed to evaluate the effect of grouting reinforcement on seismic performance. The natural frequency, acceleration amplification effect, lateral displacement, and vertical settlement of the non-grouted and grouted sandy gravel foundations were measured and compared. Additionally, the dynamic stress-strain relationships of the two foundations were obtained by a linear inversion method to evaluate the seismic energy dissipation. The test results indicated that the acceleration amplification, lateral displacement amplitude, and vertical settlement of the grouted sandy gravel foundation were lower than that of the non-grouted foundation under low-intensity earthquakes. However, a contrasting result was observed under high-intensity earthquakes. This demonstrated that different grouting reinforcement strategies are required for different sandy gravel foundations. In addition, the dynamic stress-strain relationship of the two foundations exhibited two different energy dissipation mechanisms. The results provide insights relating to the development of foundations for relevant engineering sites and to the dynamic behavior of grouted foundations prior to investigating soil-structure interaction problems.

关键词： sandy gravel foundation     grouting-treated reinforcement     shaking table test     seismic behavior    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Seismic retrofit of existing SRC frames using rocking walls and steel dampers

Akira WADA, Zhe QU, Shojiro MOTOYUI, Hiroyasu SAKATA

期刊论文

Heat Integration retrofit analysis—an oil refinery case study by Retrofit Tracing Grid Diagram

Andreja NEMET, Jiří Jaromír KLEMEŠ, Petar Sabev VARBANOV, Valter MANTELLI

期刊论文

A multi-objective design method for seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete frames using

Yue CHEN; Rong XU; Hao WU; Tao SHENG

期刊论文

Automated retrofit targeting of heat exchanger networks

Timothy G. Walmsley, Nathan S. Lal, Petar S. Varbanov, Jiří J. Klemeš

期刊论文

既有居住建筑节能改造外部性及其量化研究

赵琰,刘晓君

期刊论文

Effect of strata restraint on seismic performance of prefabricated sidewall joints in fabricated subway

期刊论文

Effects of green roof damping and configuration on structural seismic response

期刊论文

Performance-based seismic assessment of a historical masonry arch bridge: Effect of pulse-like excitations

期刊论文

Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete

期刊论文

Efficiency of scalar and vector intensity measures for seismic slope displacements

Gang WANG

期刊论文

Experiment and calculation on seismic behavior of RC composite core walls with concealed steel truss

Wanlin CAO , Weihua CHANG , Changjun ZHAO , Jianwei ZHANG ,

期刊论文

Finite element analysis on the seismic behavior of side joint of Prefabricated Cage System in prefabricated

Yunlin LIU, Shitao ZHU

期刊论文

Influence of site conditions on seismic design parameters for foundations as determined via nonlinear

Muhammad Tariq A. CHAUDHARY

期刊论文

A hybrid LQR-PID control design for seismic control of buildings equipped with ATMD

Amir Hossein HEIDARI, Sadegh ETEDALI, Mohamad Reza JAVAHERI-TAFTI

期刊论文

Investigation of the seismic behavior of grouted sandy gravel foundations using shaking table tests

Tiancheng WANG; Yu LIANG; Xiaoyong ZHANG; Zhihuan RUAN; Guoxiong MEI

期刊论文